| Here
are my solutions to 'From the Big Bang To Galaxies'
Q1) Most modern theories of the universe
date the massive explosion in its size to an vent called the big bang,
supposedly occurring about 15 billion years ago.
Q2) At about 10-34 seconds particles
started appearing in the soup of energy. These are the basic quark
and antiquark particles. Since quarks lack mass or an electric charge,
the only force present was that of the strong force which acts upon the
quarks colour.
Q3) At about 0.1ms the temperature had cooled
enough to allow quarks to bond and form hadrons, like protons and
neutrons. Also the corresponding antiparticles had formed.
When a particle encounters its antiparticle annihilation occurs, forming
radiation, as below,
p + p ®
2g
Q5) If in the first few moments
of creation contained equal amounts of matter
and antimatter then they would of annihilated each other leaving a universe
of nothing but energy. This is not the case, so the universe must
of contained a slight abundance of matter so that the universe could develop
the way it did.
Q6) The graph opposite shows
that in the early radiation dominated era the rate of cooling decreased
rapidly as the universe aged (negative gradient of log graph hence decay
of an exponential form) |
